METAIS PESADOS EM SEDIMENTOS DE DOIS ESTUÁRIOS NEOTROPICAIS E UTILIZAÇÃO DA ACETILCOLINESTERASE CEREBRAL DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE PEIXES COMO BIOMARCADOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32435/envsmoke-2026-0004Palavras-chave:
Acetilcolinesterase, Biomarcadores, Metais pesados, Impacto ambientalResumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os níveis de metais pesados (As³⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ e Zn²⁺) nos sedimentos de dois complexos estuarinos neotropicais (Canal de Santa Cruz e Rio Sirinhaém) e investigar o efeito dessas concentrações na atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) nos cérebros de Centropomus undecimalis, Diapterus auratus e Diapterus rhombeus, durante as estações seca e chuvosa. Para cada local e período sazonal, foram coletadas amostras de sedimentos e cinco indivíduos de cada espécie foram adquiridos de pescadores artesanais. Cu e Zn foram determinados por ativação neutrônica, enquanto Hg foi analisado por espectrometria de absorção atômica com geração de vapor frio; Cd e Pb foram quantificados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica. Os níveis de atividade da AChE cerebral foram medidos nas três espécies. A atividade da enzima foi menor na estação seca, coincidindo com as maiores concentrações de Hg, que excederam os limites estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. Esses resultados indicam que o mercúrio nos sedimentos tem afetado a neurofisiologia das espécies, constituindo um impacto ambiental relevante com possíveis implicações para a saúde humana devido à bioacumulação e ao consumo desses peixes. A variação na atividade da AChE mostrou-se sensível às concentrações sazonais de Hg, destacando seu potencial como biomarcador para o monitoramento ambiental desse metal.
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