HEAVY METALS IN SEDIMENTS OF TWO NEOTROPICAL ESTUARIES AND USE OF BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE FROM THREE FISH SPECIES AS A BIOMARKER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32435/envsmoke-2026-0004Keywords:
Acetylcholinesterase, Biomarkers, Heavy metals, Environmental impactAbstract
This study aimed to assess the levels of heavy metals (As³⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺) in the sediments of two neotropical estuarine complexes (Santa Cruz Channel and Sirinhaém River) and to investigate the effect of these concentrations on the activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brains of Centropomus undecimalis, Diapterus auratus and Diapterus rhombeus, during the dry and rainy seasons. For each site and seasonal period, sediment samples were collected, and five individuals of each species were acquired from artisanal fishermen. Cu and Zn were determined by neutron activation, while Hg was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry with cold vapor generation; Cd and Pb were quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization. Brain AChE activity levels were measured in the three species. The enzyme's activity was lowest in the dry season, coinciding with the highest concentrations of Hg, which exceeded the limits established by current legislation. These results indicate that the mercury in the sediments has been affecting the species' neurophysiology, constituting a relevant environmental impact with potential implications for human health due to bioaccumulation and consumption of these fish. The variation in AChE activity proved sensitive to seasonal Hg concentrations, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for environmental monitoring of this metal.
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