Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (CASTELNAU, 1855) E Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (VALENCIENNES, 1840) NA BACIA AMAZÔNICA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA SOBRE ECOLOGIA, TAXONOMIA E ESTRATÉGIAS DE CONSERVAÇÃO
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https://doi.org/10.32435/envsmoke-2025-0007Palavras-chave:
Peixes, Pimelodidae, Morfologia, TaxonomiaResumo
A biodiversidade aquática da bacia amazônica é fortemente influenciada por fatores ambientais, como altitude, ciclos de chuvas e estações secas. Esses fatores afetam os parâmetros físicos e químicos da água, influenciando, consequentemente, a distribuição e a diversidade dos peixes. A ordem Siluriformes Cuvier, 1817, particularmente a família Pimelodidae Bonaparte, 1835, é ecologicamente e economicamente significativa devido ao seu comportamento migratório e dependência da variabilidade hídrica da região. O gênero Brachyplatystoma Bleeker, 1862, inclui espécies de alto valor comercial, como a “dourada” Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (Castelnau, 1855) e a “piramutaba” Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Valenciennes, 1840), e é fundamental para a pesca na Amazônia. Este estudo fornece uma revisão completa da taxonomia, ecologia, migração e diversidade genética das espécies deste gênero. As informações foram coletadas a partir de artigos científicos, teses e livros, utilizando bancos de dados como Google Acadêmico, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, WoRMS, Consensus e INPA. Os resultados ressaltam a importância das adaptações morfológicas e ecológicas em resposta à dinâmica sazonal dos rios amazônicos. Além disso, análises eco-morfológicas revelam informações essenciais sobre o uso do habitat, o compartilhamento de recursos e os padrões evolutivos moldados por pressões ambientais e restrições filogenéticas. Esses dados são essenciais para o desenvolvimento de estratégias sustentáveis de gestão da pesca e conservação da biodiversidade aquática na Amazônia.
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