CHARACTERISTICS OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN FOODS. A REPORT

The feed formulation is a tool of great importance for technicians and producers of domestic animals, since the nutritional requirements of animals must be met, so that they can present a good productive and reproductive performance, directly related to viability, technical and economic value of the animal production system. Veterinary medicine students, during the animal nutrition discipline, had the opportunity to study concentrates, which is reported in this article.


INTRODUCTION
Veterinary medicine students have a great responsibility of study in the objective of learning how to instruct tutors and breeders of animals, among others, after their professional training, aiming at the welfare of animals and the prevention of the many pathologies related to nutrition. Thus, the academics of the Maurício de Nassau University Center (UNINASSAU), located at municipality of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil, seek to absorb the various teachings in the discipline of Animal Nutrition, in order to be good professionals.
Among the many classes, a theme addressed was about concentrates, which is described in this job (FURTADO; SILVA; TELES, 2018).
To make livestock competitive in relation to production systems, efforts must be made to apply technologies aimed at intensifying it, aiming at reducing livestock farming area and maximizing profits, which are closely linked to the management adopted for herd feeding, since these costs represent between 40% and 60% (or more) of the total cost of production This work aimed to sum up characteristics of energy and protein foods, providing important information for the academic learning of future veterinarians in training at the Maurício de Nassau University Center.
In order to better understand the concentrates, we initially found out that the bulky lysines are those foods with low energy content, but with high levels of fiber or water. These carry less than 60% of total digestive nutrients (TDN) and crude fiber of 18% or more. These can be divided into dry and damp (CAPPELLE, 2000).
In the properties of extensive breeding, the most used are the natural or artificial pastures such as Brachiaria and Panicum in most, also weeding, such as those formed by elephant grass, silages (grass, corn, sorgo or others), sugarcane, hydrogen bagasse hydrolyzed among others. And the least used are the millet, grass hays, sunflower silage, crop straws etc (FERREIRA, 2019). Environ. Smoke FURTADO;GUEDES v. 3, n. 3, 2020 92 The concentrated foods usually contain low water and fiber content, but are those with high energy content, possessing more than 60% NDT and less than 18% FB, being divided into energetic and protein (ESTEVES, 2000).
Concentrates and energetics are foods with less than 20% Protein Concentrate (PC), which has as an example of these corn, serum, wheat, rice, molasses, citrus pulp; and of animal origin, tallow and animal fat (FERREIRA, 2019) Protein concentrates of vegetal origin are foods with more than 20% PC, which has plant origin in soybean bran, cottonseed, sunflower meal, soybean grain, peanut meal, cottonseed, among others. Those of animal origin are blood meal, fish meal, meat meal, bone meal, among, others (FERREIRA, 2019).
With this information in mind, the diet for animals in general should be well known by veterinarians, since they are professionals who have the responsibility of providing a good diet for animals, aiming at adequate nutrition, preventing pathologies and harm to owners, while conferring animal welfare so important in the entire productive chain (VASCONCELOS, 2008).

CONCLUSIONS
Academic activities are important educational tools, presenting the reality of the importance of nutrition and its many particularities.
The veterinary medicine course addressing this and enabling it, offers a valuable opportunity to enable academics to see more closely the importance of nutrition for animal welfare and for better genetic expression of herds.